ABSTRACT
Abstract From the arrival of Chikungunya virus in the Americas in 2013 until March 2016, approximately two million cases of the disease have been reported. In Brazil, the virus was identified in 2014 and thousands of people have been affected. The disease has high attack rates, infecting 50% of a population within a few months. Approximately 50% of infected people develop chronic symptoms lasting for months or years. Joint involvement is the main clinical manifestation of Chikungunya. It is characterized by swelling and intense pain that is poorly responsive to analgesics, both in the acute and chronic phase of the disease. This significantly compromises quality of life and may have immeasurable psychosocial and economic repercussions, constituting therefore, a serious public health problem requiring a targeted approach. Physicians are often not familiar with how to approach the management of pain, frequently prescribing limited analgesics, such as dipyrone, in sub-therapeutic doses. In addition, there are few published studies or guidelines on the approach to the treatment of pain in patients with Chikungunya. Some groups of specialists from different fields have thus developed a protocol for the pharmacologic treatment of Chikungunya-associated acute and chronic joint pain; this will be presented in this review.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthralgia/drug therapy , Chikungunya Fever/drug therapy , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Pain Measurement , Clinical Protocols , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Arthralgia/virology , Chikungunya Fever/complicationsABSTRACT
O ensino da bioética vem se revelando ferramenta essencial na formação do futuro médico, tendo em vista que pode propiciar o despertar de nova sensibilidade na tomada de decisão em procedimentos que irão definir, muitas vezes, o limite entre vida e morte, entre sofrer e aliviar o sofrimento. Este trabalho discorre sobre a aplicação de metodologia de ensino de bioética em curso de medicina, buscando enfatizar nova abordagem entre pessoas em situação antagônica - médicos e pacientes -, dotando os primeiros a adotar o princípio da solidariedade no cotidiano profissional, considerando especialmente que se vive em uma sociedade que necessita se tornar fraterna.
La enseñanza de la bioética se ha revelado una herramienta de gran relevancia en la formación del futuro médico, dado que puede proporcionar el despertar una nueva conciencia en la toma de decisiones que van a definir, muchas veces, el límite entre vida y muerte, entre sufrir y el alivio del sufrimiento. Este estudio discursa acerca de la aplicación de una metodología de enseñanza de la bioética en el curso de medicina que busca destacar un nuevo enfoque en la relación entre personas en situación antagónica - médicos y pacientes Facilitando a los primeros a adoptar el principio de la solidaridad en el cotidiano profesional, considerando sobre todo que se vive en una sociedad que se hace necesario volverse fraterna.
Bioethics is becoming a great relevancy instrument in graduating future doctors, considering that it may awake new awareness of decision making, which may determine the limit between life and death, suffering and being relieved. This work discusses bioethics methodology in the medicine course that emphasizes a new approach between people in antagonistic situation - doctors and patients to our daily days the principle of solidarity, ones that society needs to become fraternal.
Subject(s)
Bioethics , Education, Medical , EthicsABSTRACT
A busca sem limites do conhecimento e a preocupação com o cometimento de abusos e exageros nascidos da curiosidade dividem a conduta do homem. A teoria ética nasce da necessidade de justificar racionalmente as condutas morais, diante da própria consciência e diante dos demais. Por ser a teoria um complexo integrado de princípios éticos, coerentes e fundamentais, o conhecimento das teorias éticas é essencial para reflexão, especialmente quando parece impossível cumprir todas as exigências de moralidade. A bioética, originalmente considerada fonte de normas e regras gerais para disciplinar eticamente a investigação científica, constitui-se uma espécie de código de ética profissional para os cientistas e pesquisadores, tornando-se um conjunto de reflexões filosóficas e morais sobre a vida em geral e sobre as práticas médicas em particular. Neste artigo, através de uma revisão da literatura, buscou-se descrever e discutir a importância das teorias éticas na prática da bioética.
The knowledge search without limits and the concern of practicing abuses and exaggerations as a result of curiosity divide the human behavior. The ethical theory comes from the need for rational justification of moral actions, toward the own human conscience and other people. As the theory consists of an integrated complex of ethical, coherent and fundamental principles, the ethical theories knowledge is essential for the reflection, especially when is not possible to fulfill all moral requests. The bioethics, originally considered source of general norms and rules for disciplining ethically the scientific investigation, can be regard as a sort of professional ethical code to scientists and researchers, being a group of moral and philosophical reflection concerning life in general and medical practices in particular. In this article, by a literature review, it was aimed to describe and discuss the importance of ethical theories in the bioethics' practice.